The aim of the talk is to present the results of the archaeological excavations of the IMPERO Project (Interconnected Mobility of People and Economies along the River Ombrone) in south Tuscany. The Department of Classics is carrying out a number of excavations to understand the settlement network and the economical changes occurred between the late Etruscan period to the late Middle Ages. In order to achieve this, two sites have been chosen: a late Etruscan and Republican sanctuary dedicated to fertility and a deserted Medieval village, located few kilometers away. The lecture will show the current achievements of the project, as well as addressing the future research agenda.